成年人正常的睡眠时长应保持在8小时左右,然而最新的统计表明:全国有超3亿人存在睡眠障碍,其中,四分之三在晚上11点以后入睡,三分之一要熬到凌晨1点以后入睡,而在睡眠时长低于6小时的青少年儿童中,13岁到17岁的孩子占比高达89.5%。
不过,睡不着可不能说“can't sleep”哦!那么,睡眠障碍用英语怎么说?
首先,“睡眠障碍”可以分为两种临床表现:
睡眠量的不正常包括:
1. sleeplessness/ insomnia
失眠
2. sleep deprivation
缺觉、睡眠不足
3.sleep disorder/somnipathy
睡眠失常/障碍
4. jet lag
时差综合症,由时差造成的疲劳和睡眠障碍
睡眠中的发作性异常包括:
1. somnambulism
梦游症
2. balderdash
梦呓(说梦话;胡言乱语等)
3. nightmare
梦魇;做噩梦
4. night terror
夜惊(在睡眠中突然惊醒、心跳加快)
“睡眠障碍”还有可能会影响身体健康,具体表现为:
1.加速衰老(Accelerated aging)
失眠患者神情黯然,眼圈黑晕,脸色晦暗,面颊有色斑,皮肤松弛皱褶,而健康睡眠的人脸色红润,神采飞扬,肌肤光洁润泽,充满青春活力。
2.诱发抑郁、焦虑等情绪功能障碍(Trigger depression and anxiety)
伴有情绪活动功能异常的失眠病人在病因方面,在睡眠障碍的临床证候特点方面,往往表现为卧床难以入眠或早醒难再继续睡,睡眠较浅而且不稳定,易于惊醒,醒后有疲乏感等。
3.记忆力下降、注意力无法集中(memory deterioration and aprosexia)
长期失眠患者由于长时间得不到充足睡眠的保证,会导致在日常工作和学习中表现为记忆力下降,注意力涣散等情况。
那么,我们应该如何改善睡眠,提高睡眠质量呢?
1. Take the distractions out of the room.
远离让你分心的东西
Sleep is not just physical activity but a mental activity as well. This is the time where we switch our brains from active mode to relax mode. Having our phone and computer within reach subconsciously just makes it harder for our brains to make the switch.
睡觉不仅是生理上的活动,也是一种精神活动。在这段时间,大脑从活跃模式切换到放松模式。而手机和电脑这类电子产品只会干扰我们的大脑。
2. Lay off the caffeine.
戒掉咖啡因
We all know that caffeine helps keep us awake during our active hours during the day. Depending on how we metabolize, a few of these chemicals may still be in our bloodstreams as we sleep even when taken at low amounts.
我们都知道咖啡因能让我们在白天保持清醒。根据我们新陈代谢的水平,即使咖啡因的摄入量很低,仍有可能残存在血液中影响我们的睡眠。
3. Practice a relaxation ritual. Meditate.
做点放松的仪式,比如冥想
Meditation exercises calm your body down from the fast-paced activities of a day. Doing meditation to put yourself to sleep results in better sleep quality and a livelier wake up from bed in the morning.
冥想练习使你的身体从快节奏中平静下来。做冥想让自己进入睡眠状态,有助于提高睡眠质量,第二天早上更有活力。
4. Follow a strict bedtime schedule.
严格遵守睡觉时间
Making a habit of following a bedtime schedule lets your body clock know the concept of 24 hours of work and rest per day. Having a schedule tells the brain to tone down the energy and help you rest substantially at sleep.
养成良好的就寝时间习惯可以让你的生物钟了解一天里工作和休息该如何分配。生物钟将告诉大脑该降低运转速度了,帮助你在睡眠中充分休息。
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